Category: Case Studies

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Case Study: Leaking Concrete Flood Defence Wall Repair at Major Scotland Dam

Gaps in a concrete flood defence wall repair made using Sylmasta AB Original Epoxy Putty

Dam good repair – Sylmasta AB Original Epoxy Putty seals gaps in a concrete flood defence wall

Gaps left in a relatively new concrete flood defence wall by an ineffective sealing compound washing out are resealed in a Sylmasta AB Original Epoxy Putty repair made by a civil engineering company.

Case Study Data

Site
Flood defence dam
Location
Scotland
Repair Type
Gap repair
Defect
Gaps between concrete slabs in section of flood defence wall

Products Used

Sylmasta AB Original Epoxy Putty Stick
Super-strength epoxy putty effective on wet surfaces which comes with a two-hour work time for complex gap filling

Case Study PDF

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Case Study Details

A valley in Scotland at the confluence of three rivers had been flooding for over a century, affecting homes and business in three towns and the railway line connecting them.

With climate change making flooding a more regular occurrence, a multimillion pound flood defence project was commissioned. This involved the construction of a large earth storage dam and concrete flood defence walls.

The state-of-the-art dam was designed to retain water from the rivers when levels were high, reducing the risk of flooding in the towns downstream whilst leaving flow unaffected at other times.

Alongside the dam, flood defence walls were built to protect the railway line and the residential estates closest to the river which had suffered the most from water damage over the past 25 years.

Not long after the project finished and one section of the defence walls began leaking. It was made up of concrete slabs sealed together by a grout compound. This compound was now being washed out by floodwater, causing large gaps to appear between the slabs.

A civil engineering company were called in to inspect the problem and formulate a repair. After consultation with Sylmasta, it was decided the gaps in the flood defence wall should undergo repair using AB Original Epoxy Putty.

AB Original is a ceramic-filled, high-strength epoxy putty with an extended work time and excellent underwater and wet surface adhesion.

The engineering company were confident in the suitability of AB Original having seen a previous case study where the Environment Agency sealed a large crack in a wall between a river and a trout farm.

Flood defence wall at a UK dam undergoes repair using Sylmasta AB Original Epoxy Putty after gaps appeared
Sylmasta AB Original Epoxy Putty packed into cracks in a flood defence wall, sealing the gaps
The original sealing compound between concrete slabs had washed away, with the subsequent gaps packed with AB Original

45kg of AB Original Epoxy Putty were delivered to site in 200g sticks. Supplying the putty in sticks formatted to the correct mix ratio removed the need to measure out separate components of resin and hardener from tubs, speeding up the repair.

Each stick was mixed by hand until it turned a uniform colour. Whilst still soft, the putty was pushed into the gaps between slabs. The two-hour work time of AB Original meant the engineers making the repair could take their time mixing and carefully applying the putty without the threat of premature curing.

Once cured, AB Original formed a rock-hard material and a watertight seal much more effective than the original grout compound. With its wet surface properties, the putty easily bonded to the saturated concrete.

Gaps in the concrete flooring were also sealed thanks to the underwater curing properties of AB Original

Gaps had also appeared between slabs making up a floor, which was now underwater because of the flooding. AB Original cured below the water line, sealing the floor in the same manner as the wall.

Such a straightforward repair ensured the construction of the flood defence wall being completed with an ineffective sealing compound did not cause long-term issues.

AB Original allowed the problem to be remedied quickly and easily, avoiding a costly rebuild or significant reinforcement of the structure within only a few years of completion of the project.

The putty is now playing a small part in protecting homes, businesses and transport infrastructure in the valley against flooding.

If you have an application you would like to enquire about, then please get in touch

Call: +44 (0)1444 831 459
Email: sales@sylmasta.com

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Case Study: Oil Refinery Repair Cooling Pipe System Attacked by Microbially Induced Corrosion

An oil refinery repair welded joints leaking due to microbially induced corrosion in the stainless steel water cooling pipe system

MIC at oil refinery – leaking joints in a water cooling system undergo repair to keep facility online despite microbially induced corrosion

A significant pipe repair programme at an oil refinery seals leaks in a stainless steel water cooling system after microbially induced corrosion caused the failure of welded joints across the site.

Case Study Data

Site
Oil refinery
Location
Middle East
Repair Type
Live leak pipe repair
Defect
Leaking welded joints in stainless steel water cooling system caused by microbially induced corrosion

Products Used

Wrap & Seal Pipe Burst Tape
Self-amalgamating repair tape which fuses together to form a solid rubber band, sealing high pressure live leaks

SylPad Pressure Resistance Multiplier
Increases the pressure resistance of Wrap & Seal by up to three times when making live leak repairs to pipes over 150mm diameter

SylWrap HD Pipe Repair Bandage
Water-activated composite wrap sets rock hard, reinforcing and protecting the initial Wrap & Seal repair

SylWrap Pipe Repair Contractor Case
Easy-to-store Case containing enough Wrap & Seal and SylWrap to make multiple live leak repairs on pipes of various diameters

Case Study PDF

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Case Study Details

The stainless steel water cooling system at the oil refinery was meant to have a lifespan of up to 50 years, yet numerous welded joints across the site were already starting to fail after less than half that time.

Microbially induced corrosion was found to be the cause, a type of corrosion relatively little is known about compared to other forms. It occurs when microbes fix to a surface, producing a biofilm layer where multiple bacteria combine to accelerate the corrosive process.

This biofilm affects the electrochemical environment in multiple ways, including changing ion concentrations, pH values, oxidation levels and creating hydrogen sulphide.

As more biofilm layers form, the bacteria and microbes are given greater protection from treatment methods such as biocides, chemicals and temperature treatments. It becomes increasingly difficult to slow corrosion or eliminate microbes from the pipe system.

Stainless steel normally has enhanced protection against corrosion thanks to its passivation layer, which prohibits microbes attaching and makes a surface less prone to developing biofilms. But if the passivation layer is damaged, microbially induced corrosion will take place.

Installation of the water cooling system at the oil refinery included welding joints together. Unbeknown to the refinery, this had weakened the internal passivation layer of the stainless steel pipework.

When the water cooling system went live, microbes in the water were able to settle on the uneven surface at each welded joint. Bacteria collected and a corrosive action began between the metal and the microbes, attacking the stainless steel from the inside.

Eventually, a series of leaks appeared at welded joints throughout the water cooling system. This represented a major problem at a relatively new and expensively built facility. Replacing the stainless steel pipework was not an option due to the cost and disruption it would cause.

With every welded pipe joint now a potential point of failure, the oil refinery contacted Sylmasta to find a repair solution. Sylmasta recommended the refinery stock a range of different sized Wrap & Seal Pipe Burst Tape and SylWrap HD Pipe Repair Bandages, which permanently seal live leaks when used in conjunction.

Online pipe repair capability was essential to the oil refinery as draining the system would result in at least five days loss of production, along with vast costs for diversion of water.

Over 500 SylWrap HD Bandages and 1,700 Wrap & Seal Tapes were sent to the refinery. Sylmasta also flew to the Middle East and spent a week training, testing and certifying refinery installers and supervisors on using the products.

Workers were shown how to apply Wrap & Seal for high-pressure live leak repair. Wrap & Seal stretches by three times its length and amalgamates together, fusing to form a solid rubber band containing pipe content.

Wrap & Seal Pipe Burst Tape used to repair leaking welded joints in a water cooling pipe system
Multiple Wrap & Seal Tapes applied to leaking welded joints in the water cooling system built repairs with pressure resistance up to 10 bar

Multiple Wrap & Seal Tapes applied on top of each other amalgamate in the same way, building pressure resistance up to 30 bar. This was more than suitable for the cooling system, operating at a maximum 10 bar pressure.

For pipework 150mm diameter or above, workers were also trained in using SylPad Pressure Resistance Multiplier. SylPad is applied alongside Wrap & Seal when making live leak repairs to pipes 150mm diameter and above.

It better concentrates the pressure resistance of Wrap & Seal directly over the leak by directing more of the Tape’s elastic force downwards. Depending on pipe size, nature of the leak and repair quality, SylPad can increase the pressure resistance of Wrap & Seal by up to three times.

The final stage of repair involves overwrapping with SylWrap Bandage. SylWrap is a composite repair wrap with a water-activated resin which sets rock hard in minutes. It provides an impact resistant protective sleeve, reinforcing the repair.

SylWrap Pipe Repair Bandage applied to leaking welded joints on a stainless steel water cooling system at an oil refinery
SylWrap HD provided a rock hard, impact resistant protective sleeve around repairs – which could be made to difficult sections of pipes, including where the water cooling system ran overhead

Since Sylmasta visited, the refinery have used their extensive supply of SylWrap products to repair numerous leaks in the water cooling system – including to sections of overhead and difficult-to-access pipework where the system passes through constrained spaces.

With eliminating microbially induced corrosion from the system impossible, instant live leak repair has proven the best solution for the refinery.

If you have an application you would like to enquire about, then please get in touch

Call: +44 (0)1444 831 459
Email: sales@sylmasta.com

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Case Study: 6 Bar Live Leak Repair to 300mm Steel Pipe at Malaysia Water Treatment Plant

A live leak in a 300mm steel pipe at a wastewater treatment plant in Malaysia live leak repair

6 bar sealed – water company in Malaysia seal online leak on 300mm pipe after two weeks of leaking

Just one week after Sylmasta carried out a series of demonstrations and site visits in Malaysia, a water company make their first repair using a SylWrap Contractor Case to seal a 6 bar live leak on a 300mm steel pipe at a water treatment plant.

Case Study Data

Site
Water treatment plant
Location
Malaysia
Repair Type
Live leak pipe repair
Defect
4mm hole in 300mm steel pipe

Products Used

Wrap & Seal Pipe Burst Tape
Self-amalgamating repair tape which seals high pressure live leaks by fusing together to form a solid rubber band

SylWrap HD Pipe Repair Bandage
Water-activated composite wrap which sets rock hard, reinforcing and protecting the initial repair

SylWrap Pipe Repair Contractor Case
Easy-to-store Case containing enough products to make multiple live leak repairs on pipes of various diameters

Case Study PDF

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Case Study Details

The pipe had been leaking for around two weeks through a 4mm hole. It could not be shutdown because of its importance to operations at the treatment plant, leaving a steady 6 bar jet of water escaping and saturating the floor.

Such a leak would normally be sealed by the water company using a pipe repair clamp. The hole though was located on a section of pipe with a saddle joint welded on, sitting approximately 15mm above the original line. A clamp would therefore be ineffective.

6 bar live leak at a wastewater treatment plant in Malaysia before repair using a SylWrap Pipe Repair Contractor Case
Water was escaping the pipe through a 4mm hole at 6 bar pressure, saturating the surrounding floor

After a visit and presentation from Sylmasta a week earlier, the water company operating the treatment plant had taken a supply of SYL-PRO-866 SylWrap Pipe Repair Contractor Cases for sealing multiple leaks on pipework between 300mm and 600mm diameter.

One of the water company’s maintenance teams who Sylmasta had worked with whilst in Malaysia were tasked with using a Contractor Case to make a live leak repair to the pipe at the water treatment plant.

The leak was sealed with Wrap & Seal Pipe Burst Tape. Wrap & Seal stretches by three times its length and fuses together as it is wrapped around a pipe, forming a solid rubber band which seals the leak.

Applying multiple Wrap & Seals on top of each other builds pressure resistance. In high pressure repairs, tapes continue to be added until no water is seeping through and the user is satisfied the leak has been fully arrested.

Three 50mm x 11m Wrap & Seals were used by the maintenance team until the repair could withstand the 6 bar pressure. A SYL866HD SylWrap HD Pipe Repair Bandage was then applied to reinforce and protect the Wrap & Seal.

SylWrap Pipe Repair Bandage applied to a live leak in 300mm steel pipe at a wastewater treatment plant in Malaysia
Wrap & Seal was used to build a repair pressure resistant to 6 bar before overwrapping with a SYL866HD SylWrap HD Bandage

SylWrap HD has a fast-working, water activated resin. It was wrapped directly over the repair area, where it set rock hard within minutes to form an impact resistant outer shell.

Completing the repair took one hour. Having seen how quickly and easily it is to make a live leak repair when maintenance teams are equipped with a Contractor Case, the water company is already planning to expand their use – including onto the public supply network.

All the products in the Case have WRAS approval, meaning they are certified to British standards as safe to use with drinking water.

If you have an application you would like to enquire about, then please get in touch

Call: +44 (0)1444 831 459
Email: sales@sylmasta.com

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Case Study: Underground 600mm Concrete Water Pipe Break Repair in Canada

A break in a 60mm underground concrete water pipe in Canda is repaired using Sylmasta products

BC pipe break repair – reducing water loss from an indefinable leak for a city in western Canada

A city authority in Canada repair an underground 600mm diameter concrete pipe with a difficult break at the point it passed through a wall, reducing a 2 bar leak losing significant amounts of water down to a slow and steady drip.

Case Study Data

Site
Public Water Network
Location
British Columbia, Canada
Repair Type
Leak Repair
Defect
Crack in a 600mm diameter concrete water supply pipe

Products Used

Sylmasta AB Original Epoxy Putty Stick
Epoxy putty offering excellent wet surface adhesion for sealing pipework which cannot be made dry before repair

SylWrap HD Pipe Repair Bandage
Composite wrap with water activated resin which sets rock hard to reinforce repairs by forming an impact resistant outer sleeve

Case Study PDF

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Case Study Details

The 600mm diameter pipe ran beneath a road in a city in British Columbia. A break was detected and with other concrete pipe bursts making headline news across Canada, the city authority carried out an immediate excavation to assess the problem and repair the leak.

A steady, hard spray of water was discovered jetting out of the pipe through a joint at the exact point the line passed into a solid concrete wall. This made identifying the exact source of the leak impossible.

The city authority contacted Sylmasta for help with what was a very challenging application. Not only was the precise leak point unknown, but the pipe was unable to be fully shutdown.

An underground water pipe in Canada with a break through which water was leaking at 2 bar pressure
The pipe was leaking from a break somewhere beneath a joint at the point it passed into a solid concrete wall

A further complication came with the break being so close to the wall, meaning the normal live leak repair method of applying Wrap & Seal Pipe Burst Tape would be ineffective.

There was insufficient space to stretch the tape by the required 300 percent to ensure it successfully amalgamated to form a solid rubber band.

Sylmasta suggested reducing the pressure as much as possible from the 2 bar the pipe operated at, followed by using AB Original Epoxy Putty to seal around the entire joint.

AB Original was recommended because it has excellent underwater adhesion, meaning it could bond to the pipe even if wet from the ongoing leak. Its two-hour work time also offers longer to work the putty without worrying about premature curing during application.

The importance of the pipe to the city network meant pressure could only be reduced between midnight and 5am, giving the two maintenance workers making the repair a five-hour window in which to work.

Sylmasta AB Original Epoxy Putty Stick used in the repair of a concrete water main pipe break in Canada
Two maintenance workers mixed AB Original Epoxy Putty by hand inside the hole dug to access the pipe before applying it to the leak area

Just under 8kg of AB Original was used in the repair, supplied in 200g sticks. Each stick was mixed by hand until it turned a uniform colour. It was then packed around the leaking joint, building a repair which encompassed the entire break area.

Despite water pouring out the top of the pipe during the repair, AB Original bonded successfully. After two hours, the putty had set to form a watertight material which reduced the amount of water being lost down to a slow drip.

The pipe was then wrapped with SylWrap HD Pipe Repair Bandage for added reinforcement. Two SYL866HD were used, creating a rock-hard outer shell to further protect the pipe and help increase the effectiveness of the repair.

SylWrap Pipe Repair Bandage used to reinforce a break in a concrete water main pipe in Canada
AB Original was packed around the break in the pipe, encompassing the leak area. The repair was then overwrapped with SylWrap HD Bandage.

Completing the application took around three hours. The city authority were particularly impressed with Symasta’s efficiency. It took under five days from initial contact for a repair method to be devised, the goods shipped from the UK to British Columbia and the leak reduced to an acceptable level until the section of pipe can be replaced.

The need for speed in addressing the leak before it could escalate into a major problem was particularly important at a time when Canada’s pipe network is under scrutiny following high-profile bursts in Calgary and Montreal which led to flooding and the rationing of public water supplies.

If you have an application you would like to enquire about, then please get in touch

Call: +44 (0)1444 831 459
Email: sales@sylmasta.com

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Case Study: Repair of 1.05-Metre Long Crack in Cast Iron Downpipe at UK Hospital

Repair of a crack in a cast iron downpipe at a UK hospital through which rainwater had previously been leaking

Emergency operation at UK Hospital… to repair a crack in a cast iron downpipe

A 1.05-metre long crack through which rainwater leaked from a cast iron downpipe located in a constrained wall cavity is sealed in under 30 minutes, with the ease and speed of repair limiting disruption to patients and staff at a busy UK hospital.

Case Study Data

Site
Hospital
Location
United Kingdom
Repair Type
Leak Repair
Defect
1.05-metre longitudinal crack in cast iron downpipe

Products Used

CrackSeal Pipe Sealant
Sealant extruded directly into cracks in cast iron pipework, setting almost instantly for rapid sealing and repairs

SylWrap HD Pipe Repair Bandage
Composite repair wrap with water activated resin which sets rock hard to encompass pipes with an impact resistant outer sleeve

SylWrap Drain & Waste Pipe Repair Kit
Specialist Kit containing products for repairing low-pressure cast iron and plastic waste, sewer and drain pipes

Case Study PDF

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Case Study Details

The hospital contained an internal 150mm diameter cast iron pipe system for taking away rainwater. The system was reaching the end of its lifespan, but budget restraints and the possibility of new facilities being built in the future meant replacing the ageing pipework was not considered viable.

Instead, the hospital was told to find cost-effective repair methods in the event of the system failing. Which is what happened when a 1.05-metre longitudinal crack developed in one section of pipework.

The leak was located in a constrained wall cavity where the pipe passed downwards through plasterboard on its way to the ground floor. The length of the crack meant it extended far enough on the pipe to also pass through the plasterboard.

Longitudinal crack in a cast iron downpipe before undergoing repair using a SylWrap Cracked Pipe Repair Kit
A 1.05-metre longitudinal crack had developed in the cast iron downpipe

When it rained, water escaped the pipe and saturated the plasterboard. This eventually led to rainwater dripping into a ward full of patients, at which point the hospital became aware of the problem. To ignore it would risk a significant leak developing into the ward, and damaging consequences for the ceiling and wall structure.

A specialist drainage engineer was called in. After accessing the wall cavity, removing some of the plasterboard and inspecting the crack, they decided to use the products in the SylWrap Drain & Waste Pipe Repair Kit to permanently seal the leak.

The Drain & Waste Pipe Repair Kit has been designed for repairing cracks and splits in low-pressure cast iron and plastic waste, soil and drain pipes. It comes in a robust red case which is easily kept on-site or on the van by facilities management teams, drain companies and others regularly required to repair such pipework.

Whenever a problem is identified, the user simply retrieves their Kit where everything needed to make multiple repairs quickly and easily is stored.

For this application, CrackSeal Pipe Sealant was used to fill the crack in the pipe. CrackSeal is a high-performance moisture curing sealant specially formulated to fill longitudinal cracks and splits in cast iron pipework.

Crack in a cast iron downpipe filled as part of a repair involving CrackSeal Sealant
CrackSeal Sealant was extruded directly into the crack

Sufficient CrackSeal was extruded directly from its cartridge into the crack until it was totally filled. Although CrackSeal hardens almost instantly, it was left for 10 minutes to form a skin before the repair was reinforced with SylWrap HD Pipe Repair Bandage.

Two SYL616HD Bandages were wrapped along the entire length of the 1.05-metre crack, creating a two-layer repair. The water-activated resin set rock-hard in minutes, providing an impact resistant sleeve protecting both the CrackSeal and the rest of the downpipe.

SylWrap Pipe Repair Bandage applied during the repair of a crack in a cast iron downpipe
Two SYL616HD Bandages were applied around the pipe to create a two-layer repair, completing the application

Sylmasta normally recommend 10 layers of SylWrap HD Bandage be used for full reinforcement. Only two were needed for this application because the pipe took rainwater away at such low pressure.

The cast iron crack repair was completed in under 30 minutes with no disruption to patients or staff in the ward impacted by the leak. Numerous other repairs have now been using the Drain & Waste Pipe Repair Kit made to pipework across the hospital which has since failed.

If you have an application you would like to enquire about, then please get in touch

Call: +44 (0)1444 831 459
Email: sales@sylmasta.com

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Case Study: Rotted Wooden Beam Repair in Home Renovation Project

Rotten wooden beam repair made using Sylmasta AB Original Epoxy Putty during a home renovation in Wales

Home facade is made ready for rendering thanks to a rotten wooden beam repair made with Sylmasta AB Original Epoxy Putty

Sylmasta AB Original Epoxy Putty is used to repair a rotted wooden beam, filling in large voids to help create a flat surface which enabled the outside of a home to be rendered as part of a renovation project.

Case Study Data

Site
Residential home
Location
Wales
Repair Type
Wood repair
Defect
Oak beam heavily rotted

Products Used

Sylmasta AB Original Epoxy Putty Stick
Epoxy putty with a two-hour work time applied to wood for repairing damage and filling in voids caused by rotting

Case Study PDF

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Case Study Details

A property owner in Wales was renovating a house they had inherited, including improving its exterior appearance. The facade consisted of an untidy mix of concrete breeze blocks, painted brick and a large oak beam.

The intention was to render the entire wall with cement. Doing so required a flat, sound surface for the cement to be applied to. Unfortunately, the ancient oak was badly rotted in places with large voids which made it impossible to render successfully.

To overcome the problem, the property owner decided to repair the rotted wooden beam using Sylmasta AB Original Epoxy Putty. AB Original was chosen for its super strength, ease of application and two-hour work time, meaning more of the putty could be mixed in one go and carefully applied without needing to rush through fear of premature curing.

Sylmasta AB Original used as a filler repair material for a rotten oak wooden beam
AB Original was used to fill the damage left where the oak beam had rotted

30kg of AB Original were delivered to the site. The putty was supplied in 200g sticks, whereby the resin and hardener are pre-measured. This eliminated the need to measure out separate components of Part A and Part B, making application quicker and more straightforward.

Each stick was kneaded by hand until it turned a uniform white colour. Whilst soft, AB Original was pushed into the voids left where the oak had rotted away, easily bonding to the damaged wood. The homeowner was particularly attracted to AB Original because no tools or equipment were needed for the repair.

Sylmasta AB Original Epoxy Putty used to bond hardwood to a rotten wooden beam as part of a house renovation
Hardwood inserts were bonded to AB Original in areas of the beam with significant damage

Where the gaps left by rot were particularly big, the homeowner added hardwood inserts on top of the putty to reduce the amount of AB Original required.

These inserts were pressed directly into the putty whilst it remained soft. A permanent bond was created between the putty and the hardwood once AB Original had cured to its final rock-hard, watertight material.

Home successfully rendered after rotten wooden beam underwent repair with Sylmasta AB Original Epoxy Putty
The repair helped create a smooth exterior facade which was then rendered

For the AB Original which remained exposed, a little water was used to create an ultra-smooth finish as the putty set. The cured material itself could be rendered onto directly, helping to make adding the cement coating a straightforward task.

If you have an application you would like to enquire about, then please get in touch

Call: +44 (0)1444 831 459
Email: sales@sylmasta.com

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Case Study: Pipe Joints Sealed in Cast Iron Rainwater Stack Repair at London Office Block

A 250-metre cast iron rainwater pipe undergoes repair after it was found to be leaking through corroded joints

Three hundred not out – 300 joints are sealed in a leaking rainwater stack which threatened to derail the timeframe of an office block refurbishment

The refurbishment of a five-floor office block in central London is kept on track thanks to Sylmasta AB Original Epoxy Putty sealing 300 pipe joints in the repair of a 250-metre long internal cast iron rainwater stack leaking due to corrosion.

Case Study Data

Site
Office block
Location
London, UK
Repair Type
Leak repair
Defect
Corroded joints in cast iron rainwater stack

Products Used

Sylmasta AB Original Epoxy Putty Stick
Waterproof epoxy putty with a two-hour work time for thorough leak sealing without the threat of curing before application is complete

Case Study PDF

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Case Study Details

With the entire office block stripped out as part of the refurbishment, the internal cast iron rainwater stack was accessed for the first time in many years. This revealed that 30-year-old rubber seals used to attach different sections of pipe together had begun to fail and would need replacing.

When these rubber seals were removed, the pipe ends underneath were discovered to be badly corroded where water had become trapped. Because of the uneven pipe surface, pitting and breaches caused by corrosion, it was now impossible to achieve a watertight seal.

Corrosion had left the pipe ends pitted, uneven and breached,, making it impossible to create a watertight joint using seals or clamps

The engineering company carrying out the office refurbishment tried new rubber seals, metal seals, pipe repair clamps and pipe repair clamps with teeth. When the joints continued to leak, it appeared the only option was to replace the entire 250 metres of pipework at considerable cost and with significant delay to the office refurbishment.

Sylmasta were called in to see if there was a better solution to repair the rainwater stack rather than total replacement. It was soon established the newly installed clamps could be removed and Wrap & Seal Pipe Burst Tape used to reconnect the pipe joints together, sealing them much more effectively.

However, the rainwater stack system running close to walls, floors and ceilings made it awkward in some areas to apply Wrap & Seal with the required 300 percent stretch. Removing every clamp would also be a time-consuming task.

It was instead decided to seal each clamp with Sylmasta AB Original Epoxy Putty Stick. Enough putty was cut from the 200g stick and kneaded by hand. Whilst soft, AB Original was forced into both ends of the clamp, filling the gaps between it and the corroded pipe surface.

Pipe repair clamp holding together a corroded joint in a cast iron rainwater stack sealed with AB Original Epoxy Putty
AB Original Epoxy Putty was pushed between the newly installed clamps and the pipe surface, filling all gaps to seal the leaks

Once AB Original had hardened, it permanently sealed any leak paths. The repair was so effective that the engineering company decided to apply AB Original to all 300 joints on the rainwater stack, giving them full confidence the system would have no leaks once it was boxed back in and inaccessible.

The extended two-hour work time of AB Original allowed the engineers to thoroughly seal every joint at a reasonable pace without fear the putty would set before being properly applied.

120kg of AB Original was used for the repair. Supplying the epoxy putty in stick format eliminated the need to measure out separate components of Part A and Part B, making application quicker and more straightforward.

If you have an application you would like to enquire about, then please get in touch

Call: +44 (0)1444 831 459
Email: sales@sylmasta.com

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Case Study: Corrosion Protection of 600mm Ductile Pipe & Outlets in Underground Pumping Station

A ductile pipe system in an underground pumping station undergoes corrosion protection measures

Protection at the pumping station – corrosion prevention measures for a complex ductile pipe system

A water company take corrosion protection measures to avoid the future weakening of a 600mm diameter ductile pipe system with three outlets to isolation valves in an underground pumping station.

Case Study Data

Site
Underground pumping station
Location
United Kingdom
Repair Type
Corrosion protection
Defect
600mm ductile pipe showing early signs of surface damage

Products Used

Liquid Metal Epoxy Coating
Brush applied coating which cures to a hard wearing, metallic surface for strengthening pipes and protecting against corrosion

SylWrap HD Pipe Repair Bandage
Composite repair wrap with water activated resin which sets rock hard to encompass pipes with an impact resistant outer sleeve

Case Study PDF

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Case Study Details

Conditions inside the underground pumping station housing the pipework were damp, grimy and ripe for corrosion. Rainwater, dirt, sand and other contaminates were able to enter the chamber and settle on the pipework.

As a result, the ductile pipe system was beginning to show very early signs of exterior surface damage. This was of particular concern to the water company operating the pumping house because of the complexity of the pipework and the issues that would come in the event of heavy corrosion developing.

Diagram of the pipe system layout inside the underground pumping station

The main section of pipe entered the chamber through a wall. It was five metres long with three flanges at equal intervals. The three outlets branching off were two metres in length, had one flange each and a reducing spool to 200mm diameter at the isolation valves.

Carrying out any sort of leak repair or replacing sections of the system would present a serious challenge. Instead, the water company sought enhanced corrosion protection measures for the ductile pipe to lessen the chances of the line becoming breached.

Ductile pipe in an underground pumping station before undergoing corrosion protection measures
Pipework in the chamber was showing early signs of surface damage

Rust and dirt were cleaned from the pipe before it was coated with Liquid Metal Epoxy Coating. Liquid Metal is brush applied and cures to form a smooth, metallic, hard-wearing outer surface which acts as a shield against external corrosion.

The entire main section of pipe, the three outlets, reducing spools and all six flanges were painted in Liquid Metal. The protective layer provided by the epoxy coating was then further reinforced using SylWrap HD Pipe Repair Bandage.

SylWrap HD is a composite wrap with a water-activated resin. It is wrapped and smoothed around pipework, curing in minutes to provide a rock-hard, impact resistant layer of protection.

The engineers carrying out the repair wrapped all sections of the pipe system in four layers of SylWrap HD, running the Bandage as close to the flange plates as possible to ensure maximum coverage.

Liquid Metal coated onto a ductile pipe as corrosion protection in an underground pumping station
The completed repair with final coating of Liquid Metal painted onto SylWrap HD Bandage

Despite the space constraints where the pipe ran close to the floor, the engineers were still able to successfully apply SylWrap HD around the bottom of the line. Once SylWrap HD had been applied, another coating of Liquid Metal was added over the top as an additional corrosion prevention measure.

With the repair completed, the water company could now be satisfied that the two coatings of Liquid Metal and several layers of SylWrap HD would offer robust protection for the ductile pipe system inside the underground pumping station against corrosion.

If you have an application you would like to enquire about, then please get in touch

Call: +44 (0)1444 831 459
Email: sales@sylmasta.com

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Case Study: Alcohol Line Live Leak Pipe Repair at Sugar Mill in Costa Rica

Live leak pipe repair made to an alcohol line at a sugar mill in Costa Rica

The alcohol line repair which had a sugar mill in Costa Rica raising a glass of guaro to the SylWrap Pipe Repair Contractor Case

Having a SylWrap Pipe Repair Contractor Case on site enabled a sugar mill in Costa Rica to make an instant live leak pipe repair when a pinhole was discovered in an alcohol line running vertically up a tower.

Case Study Data

Site
Sugar mill
Location
Costa Rica
Repair Type
Live leak pipe repair
Defect
Pinhole leak in 70mm alcohol line

Products Used

Wrap & Seal Pipe Burst Tape
Self-amalgamating silicone repair tape seals live leaks by fusing together to form a solid rubber band

SylWrap HD Pipe Repair Bandage
Water-activated composite wrap which sets rock hard to reinforce and protect repairs

SylWrap Pipe Repair Contractor Case
Products were part of a Contractor Case kept on-site, capable of making up to six live leak repairs

Case Study PDF

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Case Study Details

A SylWrap Pipe Repair Contractor Case contains enough products to seal up to six live leaks, making it the ideal kit to keep on-site for rapid response to emergences.

The sugar mill had approved its use several years earlier. Because the milling season in Costa Rica lasts only around four months, efficiency is paramount. Any downtime, disruption or delays to production are costly.

Numerous repairs had since been made by the sugar mill using their stock of Contractor Cases. These included 90 degree elbow bends in elevated pipelines and a particularly challenging Y-joint leaking from the exact point where three separate pipes connected. Most of these pipes carried hot water.

Previous repairs made by the mill using Contractor Cases

The leaking alcohol line was 70mm in diameter and transported alcohol juice extracted from sugar cane during fermentation, which would eventually be used in the production of spirits including rum and guaro, the official liquor of Costa Rica.

It ran vertically up the tower, with the leak developing in a weakened section as the line passed through a circular hole in one of the upper floors. Alcohol juice was left spraying through the pinhole at around two bar pressure.

Alcohol juice extracted from sugar cane escaping through a pinhole leak in a 70mm steel pipe before repair
Alcohol juice spraying out of the pinhole leak in the pipe

As the pipe could not be isolated, Wrap & Seal Pipe Burst Tape was used as the leak sealant. Wrap & Seal is made from self-amalgamating silicone. When stretched by up to three times its length as it is wrapped around a pipe, the Tape fuses to form a solid rubber band capable of sealing live leaks .

Despite the space constraints around the pipe where it passed through the hole in the floor, the engineer making the repair managed to stretch the Tape to a suitable length so that it amalgamated successfully.

Wrap & Seal Pipe Burst Tape seals a live leak in an alcohol line at a sugar mill in Costa Rica
Wrap & Seal Pipe Burst Tape sealed the live leak

Once the engineer was satisfied the leak had been fully arrested and alcohol was no longer escaping, a SylWrap HD Pipe Repair Bandage was applied over the top to reinforce the Wrap & Seal.

SylWrap HD is a composite repair wrap containing a water activated resin. As it was wrapped and smoothed around the Wrap & Seal, it cured to form a rock-hard protective sleeve over the pipe.

SylWrap HD Pipe Repair Bandage applied during the live leak repair of an alcohol line at a sugar mill
SylWrap HD reinforced the repair with an impact resistant layer of protection

Both Wrap & Seal and SylWrap HD have WRAS approval, meaning they are safe to use with drinking water. The sugar mill were therefore reassured that neither product would affect the alcohol juice inside the pipe.

Because the sugar mill already had all the products required to repair the pipe on-site in their Contractor Case, it took less than 20 minutes to seal the alcohol line from the moment the pinhole was discovered.

Only a minimal amount of alcohol juice escaped thanks to the speed and ease of the repair. All systems remained fully operational, meaning there was no disruption whilst the application took place.

Had a Contractor Case not been available, a much greater quantity of juice would have been lost. The mill may have even been forced to shut down the leaking section until such time as it could be repaired at significant cost both financially and to production.

If you have an application you would like to enquire about, then please get in touch

Call: +44 (0)1444 831 459
Email: sales@sylmasta.com

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Case Study: Repair of Leaking & Corroded Shared Water Supplying Eight Cottages

Liquid Metal Epoxy Coating used in the repair of a corroded shared water supply pipe

Cottages counter corrosion – the Sylmasta Pipe Refurbishment System is used to repair and reinforce a water supply line shared by eight properties

Four cottages in a terrace of eight in London use the Sylmasta Pipe Refurbishment System to repair and reinforce their respective sections of a 48 metre long shared water supply pipe weakened and breached by corrosion.

Case Study Data

Site
Terraced cottages
Location
London, UK
Repair Type
Leak repair and pipe reinforcement
Defect
Heavily corroded 48 metre long steel shared water supply pipe breached in places

Products Used

Superfast Aqua PW Epoxy Putty Stick
Fast working, WRAS approved epoxy putty with excellent wet surface adhesion used to seal leaks in pipework

Liquid Metal Epoxy Coating
Brush applied coating which cures to a hard wearing, metallic surface for strengthening pipes and protecting against corrosion

SylWrap HD Pipe Repair Bandage
Composite repair wrap with water activated resin which sets rock hard to encompass pipes with an impact resistant outer sleeve

Case Study PDF

Download

Case Study Details

The row of eight terraced cottages were built in the middle of the 19th century. They were connected to the public water network at a later date, which led to a somewhat unusual setup involving an above-ground shared supply pipe.

This steel pipe connected with a water main underground at one end of the terrace. It rose up the side of the first cottage and was then fixed at a height of around three metres to the back wall of all eight properties, along which it ran for 48 metres.

The height of the line meant it was surrounded by extensions built onto the cottages, downpipes, guttering and other installations and improvements added to the buildings over time. Access to certain sections was therefore severely restricted.

Lagging being removed from the section of pipe climbing up the side wall. The line then ran for 48 metres along the back of the cottages.

Each cottage was responsible for the section of pipe outside their property, giving them around six metres to maintain and upkeep. Lagging had been added around all 48 metres of the line to protect it during winter.

Unfortunately, low-quality insulation material was used which soaked up moisture like a sponge, causing water and condensation to become trapped against the steel. Over time, this led to heavy corrosion and a weakening of the pipe.

When temperatures in London dropped as low as -8°C in an unusually cold spell and water inside the pipe froze, the brittle metalwork was unable to cope. Several cracks appeared outside one cottage, requiring repair.

The lagging was removed from the leaking section to access the pipe, at which point the extent of the corrosion problem became clear. The other seven cottages were inevitably going to suffer from bursts on their sections in future if something were not done.

Corrosion covered the pipe where it ran along the back wall of the cottages

Initially, the cottages contacted their water company for help. Because the pipe was a shared supply line and not part of the public network, the water company said they had no responsibility for it. It was therefore down to the eight property owners to find a solution themselves.

The cottages were quoted £22,000 to replace the entire line. Some of the property owners did not wish to contribute £2,750 towards the cost, preferring instead to take a chance their section would not burst.

It next became clear that replacing individual sections of pipe for those cottages wanting to avoid future leaks would not be practical either. New fittings would struggle to connect with old, brittle pipes not being replaced.

Installation would also be disruptive to those cottages not undertaking work, with shared electrical boxes and satellite dishes having to be taken out of service whilst new sections of pipe were fitted.

With no common route forward found, the cottage with the leaking section contacted Sylmasta for advice on sealing the holes on their part of the line. At this point, the owner also explained the complications caused by the shared water supply pipe and the concern about how it might deteriorate further.

Sylmasta suggested that in addition to sealing the cracked section of pipe outside one cottage, their Pipe Refurbishment System be used to reinforce individual sections along the line for those property owners wanting protection against future leaks.

Two cottages requested their sections be attended to, and so Sylmasta sent an approved contractor to London to carry out the repair and strengthening of the shared water supply pipe.

Superfast Aqua PW Epoxy Putty used to repair a crack in a heavily corroded shared water supply line
Superfast Aqua PW Epoxy Putty sealed the holes in the section of pipe which had burst

Once the lagging had been removed, the first stage of the Pipe Refurbishment System involved application of the leak sealant – in this case, Superfast Aqua PW Epoxy Putty.

Superfast Aqua PW was chosen for its excellent wet surface adhesion to alleviate concerns the pipe may have been weeping water. It has WRAS approval, meaning it is certified as safe to come into contact with potable water.

Aqua PW is supplied in a pre-measured 114g stick. The required amount of putty was cut from the stick, kneaded by hand and then pushed into the cracks and damage in the pipe whilst soft. Within 20 minutes, it cured to form a rock-hard sealing material.

Liquid Metal could be easily painted onto difficult-to-access areas of the pipe

The second stage of the Pipe Refurbishment System saw Liquid Metal Epoxy Coating applied to strengthen the line and protect it from corrosion. Liquid Metal was painted on by brush to sections of the pipe outside every cottage who wanted their part of the line reinforced.

Repair of a shared water supply pipe made using Liquid Metal Epoxy Coating
Liquid Metal coated around a bend in the repair of a shared water supply line
Liquid Metal applied during the repair of a section of shared water supply running awkwardly behind a gutter down section
Liquid Metal coated onto the pipe to form a new metallic outer surface

Once cured, Liquid Metal formed a smooth, metallic, hard-wearing outer surface around the pipe to act as a shield against external corrosion. Should the brittle steel be breached from the inside by freezing temperatures in future, the Liquid Metal shell will contain the contents of the pipe.

Liquid Metal Epoxy Coating brush applied during the repair of a corroded shard water supply line
The cottages who did not wish for their sections of pipe to be reinforced were left with the original lagging and corroded pipe, contrasting with the refurbishment provided by Liquid Metal

SylWrap HD Pipe Repair Bandage was added as the final stage of the Pipe Refurbishment System, to provide the shared water supply pipe with another layer of protection. SylWrap HD is a composite repair wrap with a water-activated resin which sets rock-hard in minutes when wrapped and smoothed around pipework.

SylWrap HD Pipe Repair Bandage reinforces a shared water supply pipe during a repair
The pipe was given further protection using SylWrap HD Pipe Repair Bandage

Nine SylWrap Bandages were applied per cottage to build up thickness to four layers, with the application taking place whilst the Liquid Metal remained tacky to improve adhesion to the pipe. Once cured, SylWrap HD formed an impact resistant shell encompassing the pipe.

In addition to the two planned repairs, a third cottage owner asked for their section to be reinforced, having seen how straightforward and cost-effective the process was. Their part of the shared water supply pipe had not been as badly weakened by corrosion and therefore required only Liquid Metal for suitable strengthening.

All three cottages were completed in a single day, with the approved contractor also installing new lagging to replace the original insulation which had to be removed. A fourth cottage then requested the approved contractor return and attend to their part of the pipe, meaning half the 48 metres had been reinforced.

Lagging installed for insulation during the repair of a shared water supply pipe
Lagging added to complete the repair

Around one year after the original repair and a fifth cottage contacted Sylmasta. 12 months of further corrosion had left their section of the pipe on the verge of collapse.

Refurbishment of this section was now far more challenging and costly than the repair the other four cottages had opted for – highlighting the benefits of strengthening and protecting systems before more serious problems develop.

If you have an application you would like to enquire about, then please get in touch

Call: +44 (0)1444 831 459
Email: sales@sylmasta.com